6 Foods Most Likely to Give You Food Poisoning This Summer (and How to Stay Safe)

Published in Food and Wine on Sunday, July 20th 2025 at 16:30 GMT by Better Homes & Gardens
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It''s not the mayo! Be extra careful with these foods at your next BBQ, picnic or potluck.

6 Foods Most Likely to Cause Food Poisoning

Food poisoning is a common yet preventable health issue that affects millions of people every year. Also known as foodborne illness, it occurs when harmful bacteria, viruses, parasites, or toxins contaminate the food we eat, leading to symptoms like nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and in severe cases, hospitalization or even death. While no food is entirely risk-free, certain items are more prone to contamination due to how they're produced, handled, or prepared. Drawing from expert insights from organizations like the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and food safety authorities, this article explores six foods that are most likely to cause food poisoning. Understanding these risks can help you make safer choices in the kitchen and at the grocery store. We'll delve into why each food poses a threat, common pathogens involved, real-world examples, and practical tips to minimize dangers.

1. Leafy Greens: A Hidden Hazard in Salads

Leafy greens, such as spinach, lettuce, kale, and romaine, top the list of foods most associated with foodborne outbreaks. These vegetables are often eaten raw, which means they don't undergo cooking processes that could kill off harmful bacteria. Contamination can occur at multiple points: during farming through irrigation with contaminated water, exposure to animal feces, or even during harvesting and packaging. One of the most notorious pathogens linked to leafy greens is E. coli, particularly the strain O157:H7, which produces toxins that can lead to severe kidney damage, especially in children and the elderly.

A striking example is the 2018 romaine lettuce outbreak in the United States, which sickened over 200 people across 36 states and led to five deaths. The contamination was traced back to irrigation water tainted with cattle manure from a nearby farm. Similarly, spinach has been implicated in multiple E. coli outbreaks, including one in 2006 that affected 199 people and caused three fatalities. Salmonella is another common culprit, thriving in the moist environments where greens are grown.

To reduce risks, always wash leafy greens thoroughly under running water, even if they're labeled as pre-washed. Use a salad spinner to dry them, as excess moisture can promote bacterial growth. Opt for cooking greens when possible—sautéing or steaming can kill pathogens. If you're immunocompromised or pregnant, consider avoiding raw salads altogether. Storing greens in the refrigerator at 40°F or below and consuming them within a few days of purchase also helps. By being vigilant, you can enjoy the nutritional benefits of these veggies without the gamble.

2. Undercooked Poultry: A Breeding Ground for Bacteria

Poultry, including chicken and turkey, is a staple in many diets, but it's also one of the leading causes of food poisoning worldwide. The primary offenders are Salmonella and Campylobacter, bacteria that naturally reside in the intestines of birds and can contaminate meat during slaughter and processing. If poultry isn't cooked to an internal temperature of at least 165°F, these pathogens survive and multiply, leading to infections that cause fever, diarrhea, and in rare cases, long-term complications like reactive arthritis.

Statistics from health agencies highlight the scale: Campylobacter alone causes about 1.5 million illnesses annually in the U.S., with poultry responsible for a significant portion. A notable incident was the 2015 Salmonella outbreak linked to foster farms chicken, which affected over 600 people. Cross-contamination is another big issue—juices from raw poultry can spread to cutting boards, utensils, and countertops, infecting other foods.

Safe handling is key: Always thaw poultry in the refrigerator, not on the counter, to prevent bacterial growth. Use separate cutting boards for raw meat and produce, and wash hands, surfaces, and tools with hot, soapy water after contact. Invest in a food thermometer to ensure proper cooking—don't rely on color alone, as pink meat isn't always a reliable indicator. Marinating should be done in the fridge, and leftovers need to be reheated to 165°F. For those who frequently prepare poultry, consider buying from sources that follow strict hygiene standards, like antibiotic-free or pasture-raised options, though these aren't foolproof.

3. Eggs: Not Just for Breakfast Risks

Eggs are nutritious powerhouses packed with protein and vitamins, but they're frequently linked to Salmonella enteritidis, a bacterium that can infect hens' ovaries and contaminate eggs before the shell forms. This means the risk persists even if the shell is intact. Consuming undercooked or raw eggs—in dishes like homemade mayonnaise, cookie dough, or sunny-side-up eggs—can lead to salmonellosis, characterized by intense gastrointestinal distress lasting up to a week.

Outbreaks have made headlines, such as the 2010 recall of over 500 million eggs in the U.S. due to Salmonella contamination, which sickened thousands. Runny yolks and soft-boiled eggs are particularly risky, as heat doesn't fully penetrate to kill bacteria. Vulnerable groups, including young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems, should avoid raw egg products entirely.

Mitigation strategies include cooking eggs until both the white and yolk are firm, pasteurizing eggs for recipes requiring raw forms (like in tiramisu), and storing them in the fridge. When buying, choose pasteurized or Salmonella-tested eggs if available. Wash hands after handling shells, and avoid cracking eggs on the edge of bowls to prevent shell fragments from introducing bacteria. By treating eggs with respect, you can savor them safely.

4. Sprouts: Small but Potent Dangers

Alfalfa, bean, and radish sprouts might seem like healthy additions to sandwiches and salads, but they're among the riskiest foods due to their growing conditions. Seeds for sprouting are often contaminated with Salmonella or E. coli, and the warm, humid environment needed for germination allows bacteria to flourish exponentially. Since sprouts are typically eaten raw, there's no kill step like cooking.

The CDC has documented numerous outbreaks, including a 2016 alfalfa sprout incident that sickened 36 people with E. coli. Another in 2011 involved bean sprouts in Germany, leading to over 3,000 cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome and 53 deaths from a rare E. coli strain. These events underscore how quickly contamination can spread.

To stay safe, cook sprouts thoroughly—stir-frying or boiling kills pathogens. If eating raw, buy from reputable sources and check for recalls. Children, pregnant women, and the immunocompromised should avoid them altogether. Growing your own sprouts requires sterilizing seeds and equipment, but even then, risks remain.

5. Raw or Undercooked Ground Beef: The Burger Peril

Ground beef is a favorite for burgers, tacos, and meatloaf, but grinding mixes surface bacteria (like E. coli and Salmonella) throughout the meat, increasing contamination risks. Unlike whole cuts, where bacteria are mostly on the outside and killed by searing, ground beef needs thorough cooking to 160°F internally.

Famous outbreaks include the 1993 Jack in the Box E. coli incident, which killed four children and sickened hundreds, prompting major food safety reforms. More recently, recalls of ground beef due to E. coli continue to occur annually.

Prevention involves cooking to the right temperature, avoiding rare or medium-rare burgers, and preventing cross-contamination. Thaw in the fridge, and consume or freeze ground beef promptly after purchase.

6. Unpasteurized Dairy Products: The Raw Milk Debate

Raw milk and cheeses made from unpasteurized milk bypass the pasteurization process that kills harmful bacteria like Listeria, Salmonella, and E. coli. Proponents claim health benefits, but the risks are significant, especially for vulnerable populations.

Outbreaks are common; for instance, a 2017 raw cheese outbreak caused listeriosis in multiple states. Raw milk can harbor Brucella, leading to chronic illness.

Stick to pasteurized products, and if trying raw, ensure it's from certified sources—but remember, no milk is risk-free without pasteurization.

In conclusion, while these six foods—leafy greens, poultry, eggs, sprouts, ground beef, and raw dairy—pose heightened risks, awareness and proper handling can drastically reduce incidents of food poisoning. Always follow the core principles: clean, separate, cook, and chill. Consult resources like the FDA's food safety guidelines for more details. By incorporating these habits, you can protect yourself and your family while enjoying a diverse diet. Food safety isn't about fear; it's about empowerment through knowledge. (Word count: 1,248)

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