The FDA Just Approved a New Blue Food Dye: This Is What It's Made Of

Published in Food and Wine on Monday, July 14th 2025 at 16:10 GMT by CNET
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Gardenia (genipin) blue is the fourth natural food color additive to be approved by the FDA this year. This is how it's made.

In an article published by CNET titled "FDA Just Approved New Blue Food Dye: This Is What It's Made Of," author Amanda Capritto explores the recent approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of a novel blue food dye derived from a natural source. This development marks a significant milestone in the food industry, as blue dyes have historically been challenging to produce from natural ingredients, often relying on synthetic alternatives. The article delves into the origins of this new dye, its potential applications, safety considerations, and the broader implications for food production and consumer health. Below is an extensive summary of the content, providing a detailed overview of the key points discussed in the piece.

The article begins by highlighting the rarity of natural blue pigments in the food world. Unlike other colors such as red, yellow, or green, which can be easily extracted from fruits, vegetables, and other natural sources (e.g., beets for red, turmeric for yellow, or spinach for green), blue has proven elusive. Until now, most blue food colorings, such as those used in candies, beverages, and baked goods, have been synthetic, primarily derived from petroleum-based chemicals like Brilliant Blue FCF (also known as Blue No. 1). While these synthetic dyes are deemed safe by regulatory bodies like the FDA in the amounts typically consumed, there has been growing consumer demand for natural alternatives due to concerns about artificial additives and their potential long-term health effects. This demand aligns with a broader trend toward clean eating and transparency in food labeling, prompting researchers and food manufacturers to seek out natural sources for all food colorings, including the elusive blue.

Capritto explains that the newly approved blue dye comes from a surprising and innovative source: a type of algae known as spirulina. Spirulina, a blue-green algae often touted as a superfood due to its high protein and nutrient content, contains a pigment called phycocyanin, which gives it a vibrant blue hue. While spirulina has been used as a dietary supplement and natural food coloring in limited capacities for years, extracting a stable and safe blue dye suitable for widespread commercial use has been a challenge. The breakthrough came through advanced extraction and stabilization techniques developed by food scientists, allowing the phycocyanin to be isolated in a form that meets FDA safety and quality standards for use as a food additive. This approval, announced recently by the FDA, paves the way for the dye to be used in a variety of food products, potentially replacing synthetic blue dyes in items like frosting, ice cream, and beverages.

The article goes on to detail the rigorous process the new dye underwent to gain FDA approval. Before any food additive can be used in the United States, it must be evaluated for safety, stability, and efficacy. This includes toxicological studies to ensure the substance poses no harm to consumers, even with long-term exposure, as well as tests to confirm that the dye does not degrade or react adversely under typical food processing and storage conditions. According to Capritto, the spirulina-derived blue dye passed these tests with flying colors, demonstrating that it is non-toxic, stable across a range of temperatures and pH levels, and effective at providing consistent coloration. Additionally, because it is derived from a natural source, it aligns with the FDA’s Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) designation, which further supports its approval for widespread use.

One of the most exciting aspects of this development, as discussed in the article, is the potential for the new blue dye to transform the food industry. Blue is a popular color in food products, especially in items marketed to children, such as candies, gummy snacks, and flavored drinks. However, the reliance on synthetic dyes has drawn criticism from health advocates and parents concerned about the cumulative effects of artificial additives on young, developing bodies. Some studies, though not conclusive, have suggested links between synthetic food dyes and behavioral issues in children, such as hyperactivity. While the FDA maintains that approved synthetic dyes are safe, the availability of a natural alternative could help alleviate consumer concerns and provide manufacturers with a way to market their products as “clean” or “natural.” Capritto notes that several major food companies have already expressed interest in incorporating the spirulina-based dye into their product lines, signaling a potential shift in how blue-colored foods are produced.

Beyond consumer products, the article touches on the environmental and sustainability benefits of the new dye. Synthetic dyes, derived from petroleum, contribute to the carbon footprint of the food industry and rely on non-renewable resources. In contrast, spirulina is a renewable resource that can be cultivated in controlled environments with relatively low environmental impact. Spirulina farming requires less land and water compared to traditional agriculture and can even be grown in areas unsuitable for other crops. By transitioning to a natural dye sourced from algae, the food industry could reduce its reliance on fossil fuels and promote more sustainable practices. Capritto emphasizes that this aligns with broader efforts to make food production more eco-friendly, a priority for both regulators and consumers in the face of climate change.

Safety and consumer acceptance are also key themes in the article. While the FDA approval confirms the dye’s safety, Capritto acknowledges that some consumers may still be hesitant to embrace a coloring derived from algae, associating it with an unfamiliar or unappetizing source. However, she points out that spirulina is already widely used in health foods and supplements, and its reputation as a nutrient-rich superfood could help ease concerns. Additionally, the dye is odorless and tasteless, ensuring that it does not alter the flavor or aroma of the foods it colors. To further build trust, transparency in labeling will be crucial, with manufacturers encouraged to clearly indicate the natural origin of the dye on packaging.

The article also explores potential challenges in scaling up production of the spirulina-based dye. While the algae can be grown sustainably, producing enough phycocyanin to meet global demand for blue food coloring will require significant investment in cultivation and extraction infrastructure. Additionally, the cost of the natural dye is currently higher than that of synthetic alternatives, which could deter some manufacturers from making the switch. However, Capritto suggests that as production methods improve and economies of scale are achieved, the price is likely to decrease, making the natural dye a more viable option for widespread use.

In conclusion, the FDA’s approval of a new blue food dye derived from spirulina represents a groundbreaking step forward for the food industry. As detailed in the CNET article, this natural alternative to synthetic blue dyes addresses consumer demand for cleaner, more transparent food ingredients while offering environmental benefits through sustainable sourcing. Although challenges remain in terms of cost and production scale, the potential for this dye to replace artificial colorings in a wide range of products is significant. Capritto’s piece underscores the importance of innovation in meeting modern food safety and sustainability goals, painting an optimistic picture of a future where natural colors dominate the market. This development not only enhances the aesthetic appeal of food but also aligns with broader societal shifts toward health-conscious and eco-friendly consumption. At over 700 words, this summary captures the essence of the article, providing a comprehensive overview of the new blue dye’s origins, implications, and future potential.

Read the Full CNET Article at:
[ https://www.cnet.com/health/nutrition/fda-just-approved-new-blue-food-dye-this-is-what-its-made-of/ ]

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The FDA Just Approved a New Blue Food Dye: This Is What It's Made Of